Thermal storage

• Phase change materials

  • Molten salt

  • Water

  • CO2

  • Other PCM

• Advanced materials for thermal storage

• Efficient insulation for heat loss minimization

• Efficient heat exchangers for thermal storage

• Underground thermal energy storage

• Effective monitoring, analytics and control of thermal storage

Mechanical storage

• Compressed air storage

• Pumped hydro storage

• Flywheel storage

Hybrid of thermal, mechanical & electrochemical

Seasonal storage

Long duration energy storage

Use of IT & digital tools

Case studies

Economics

• Capital costs

• Operational costs

Challenges

Key end use market segments for thermal storage

• CSP

• Buildings

• Industries

Key end use market segments for mechanical storage

• Hydro power

• Solar and wind power plants

• Power grid

• Stationary energy storage

  • Backup power