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Sewage is a potent waste from urban sources generated in bulk quantities, suitable for energy generation. However the source is highly diluted in nature and materials attain complexity during its course of travel from multiple points of origin. Therefore it demands for primary treatments in centralized treatment facilities which involve segregation of inerts from sewage solution as they are beyond the scope of energy generating technologies and concentration of diluted sludge, rich in organics as suspended, dissolved and volatile bio-solids from effluent water.
This pre-processed sludge mixture can be utilized as such with anaerobic digestion technology but requires additional moisture reduction for use in pyrolysis, gasification and incineration technologies.
To assess the options for energy recovery from sewage the following parameters have to be considered.
|
Physical properties |
Chemical properties |
|
|
|
Parameter |
Magnitude |
|
pH |
7.0-8.5 |
|
Soluble solids(SS) |
150-250 ppm |
|
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) |
200-400 ppm |
|
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) |
400-750 ppm |
|
Oil and Grease |
15-30 ppm |
|
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) |
500-800 ppm |
The primary technological options available for treating sewage are highlighted in the figure below
Technology Options for Energy Recovery from Waste
Technological Routes for the Recovery of Energy from MSW
Technological Routes for Energy Recovery from Sewage
Technological Routes for Energy Recovery from Fecal Sludge