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Decarbonization Avenue : Utility Scale Solar PV

Utility-scale solar PV refers to large-scale ground-mounted solar power plants that export power to the grid, integrating it with power from other sources. In India, utility solar PV has seen explosive growth, driven by ambitious government policies and rapidly declining costs.

 

Growth in India

  • India has become a global leader in solar energy. From a mere 10 MW in 2010, India's utility-scale solar capacity surged to over 40 GW by the end of 2020, with plans to achieve 100 GW by 2022 under the National Solar Mission. By 2030, India aims to reach 300 GW of installed solar capacity, contributing significantly to its target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity. As of 2023, India had already achieved over 60 GW of utility-scale solar installations, showcasing the country's rapid progress in this sector.

 

Economic Drivers

  • The dramatic reduction in the cost of solar PV panels and balance of system components like inverters has been pivotal. The average cost of utility-scale solar projects in India dropped by over 80% between 2010 and 2020, making solar one of the cheapest sources of power in the country. Solar tariffs in India have reached as low as INR 2.36 per kWh, one of the lowest in the world. By 2030, continued advancements and economies of scale are expected to drive costs down even further, making solar increasingly competitive. In 2022, solar tariffs briefly fell to a record low of INR 1.99 per kWh, underscoring the cost competitiveness of solar power.

 

Technological Maturity

  • Utility-scale solar PV in India is now a mature segment with robust technology and extensive support solutions. The deployment is widespread across states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh, which offer abundant sunlight and vast tracts of land suitable for large-scale solar installations. By 2030, advancements in PV technology and efficiencies are expected to enhance output and reliability further. India has also seen a rise in the use of bifacial solar panels, which can increase energy output by up to 10-15% compared to traditional panels.

 

Challenges and Innovations

  • Improved Battery Storage: Efforts are underway to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of battery storage systems, which are crucial for stabilizing solar power supply. By 2030, battery storage costs are expected to decline significantly, enhancing the viability of solar-plus-storage solutions. India's largest solar-plus-storage project, set to be completed by 2025 in Ladakh, aims to have a capacity of 10 GW.

  • Agrovoltaics: Combining agriculture with solar PV (Agrovoltaics) is gaining traction, allowing dual land use for food production and energy generation. By 2030, agrovoltaic systems could become a common feature in rural India, boosting farm incomes and energy supply simultaneously. Studies have shown that agrovoltaics can increase crop yields by providing shade and reducing water evaporation.

  • Floating Solar Plants: With land availability posing challenges, floating solar power plants on reservoirs and lakes are being explored, with projects already underway in states like Kerala and Maharashtra. By 2030, floating solar could contribute substantially to India's solar capacity, particularly in densely populated regions. India aims to install 10 GW of floating solar capacity by 2030.

  • Digital Solutions: The adoption of digital technologies for enhanced maintenance and asset management is expected to optimize the performance and longevity of solar PV installations. By 2030, AI and IoT-based solutions could become standard in managing solar assets. Predictive maintenance powered by AI could reduce operational costs by up to 20%.

  • Effective Grid Integration: Strengthening grid infrastructure to handle the influx of solar power and ensuring seamless integration is a critical focus area. By 2030, India's grid is expected to be more resilient and capable of accommodating high levels of solar penetration. The Green Energy Corridor project aims to facilitate the integration of 175 GW of renewable energy, including solar, into the national grid.

Decarbonization potential

Utility-scale solar PV has tremendous decarbonization potential in India, driven by ambitious government targets, technological advancements, and supportive policies. The country's efforts to expand its solar capacity are pivotal in reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to a cleaner energy future. Strengthening grid infrastructure and implementing smart grid solutions will facilitate the efficient integration of large-scale solar power.

India's utility-scale solar capacity is set to grow exponentially, from 40 GW in 2020 to an anticipated 300 GW by 2030. This expansion is a critical component of India's broader target of achieving 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. 

Key Datapoints

  • By 2030, the 300 GW of installed solar capacity is expected to generate approximately 450,000 GWh of electricity annually, assuming an average capacity utilization factor (CUF) of 17%.
  • This shift to solar power could potentially avoid around 450 million tonnes of CO? emissions annually.
  • From 2020 to 2030, India's utility-scale solar installations could prevent around 3.5 billion tonnes of CO? emissions.
  • Transition to solar energy could save about 240 million tonnes of coal annually.
  • Reducing coal usage could save approximately 1.5 trillion liters of water annually, used in coal power plant cooling processes.
  • The cost of solar power is projected to fall to below INR 1.5 per kWh by 2030, making it even more competitive against conventional energy sources.
  • India aims to install 10 GW of floating solar capacity by 2030, leveraging existing water bodies and reducing land competition.
  • The renewable energy sector could employ over 1 million people by 2030, with solar PV being a significant contributor.

Industries impacted

  • Automobiles & auto components
  • Chemicals & petrochemicals
  • Internet & online solutions
  • Computers & software
  • Construction & real estate
  • Electrical
  • Electronics & semiconductors
  • Engineering goods & machinery
  • Fertilizers
  • Food & beverages
  • Mining & metals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Power
  • Road transport
  • Textile & apparel
  • Water

Themes & Topics

  • Type of utility-scale solar PV power plant

    • Independent utility scale solar PV power plants

    • Captive utility scale solar PV power plants

    • Community solar power plants

  • Use of digital technologies to increase yields from utility solar power plants

  • Utility solar power plants in deserts & remote regions

  • Efficient solar power plant design

  • Integration of storage with solar PV power plants

  • Robust mounting structures & solutions

  • Solar trackers to enable higher yield

  • High efficiency solar panels

  • Solar PV inverters

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • O&M of utility solar power plants

    • Regular maintenance

    • Predictive maintenance 

  • Grid integration of power from utility scale solar power plants

  • Agro Voltaics

  • Floating solar & offshore solar power plants

  • Use of solar PV for renewable hydrogen

  • Integration of solar PV + hydro power dams

  • Recycling of solar panels

  • Cables, junction boxes and related electricals

  • Monitoring & SCADA systems

  • National & international policies

  • Education & training

 

 

 

 

 

 



All Decarbonization Avenues @ EAI


Renewable Energy :

  • Utility Scale Solar PV |
  • Distributed Solar PV |
  • Solar Thermal |
  • Wind Power |
  • Biomass for Heating & Power |
  • Biofuels |
  • Hydro Power |
  • Geothermal Energy |

  • Energy Efficiency :

  • Industrial Waste Heat Recovery |
  • Low Carbon Thermal Power |
  • Energy Efficient Industrial Equipment |
  • Smart Grids |
  • Heat Pumps |
  • Digital for Decarbonization |
  • Energy Efficient Buildings |

  • Energy Storage :

  • Green hydrogen |
  • Thermal & Mechanical Storage |
  • Battery Storage |

  • Agriculture & Food :

  • Sustainable Forestry |
  • Regenerative Agriculture |
  • Smart Farming |
  • Low Carbon Food |
  • Agro Waste Management |

  • Waste Management :

  • Reducing Food Waste |
  • Solid Waste Management |

  • Materials :

  • Bio-based Materials |
  • Advanced Materials |
  • Product Use Efficiency |
  • Industrial Resource Efficiency |

  • Water :

  • Water Use Efficiency |

  • Decarbonizing Industries :

  • Low Carbon Metals |
  • Low Carbon Chemicals & Fertilizers |
  • Low Carbon Construction Materials |
  • Low Carbon Textiles & Fashion |
  • Corporate Carbon Management |
  • Decarbonizing Oil & Gas Sector |

  • Low Carbon Mobility :

  • Electric Mobility |
  • Low Carbon Trucking |
  • Low Carbon Marine Transport |
  • Low Carbon Aviation |
  • Low Carbon ICE Vehicles |
  • Mass Transit |

  • GHG Management :

  • C2V - CO2 to Value |
  • CO2 Capture & Storage |
  • Reducing Emissions from Livestock |
  • Reducing Non-CO2 Industrial & Agricultural Emissions |
  • Managing Large Carbon Sinks |

  • Communities :

  • Low Carbon Lifestyles |
  • Low Carbon Cities |

  • Finance :

  • Climate Finance |

  • Platforms :

  • Multi-stakeholder Collaboration |
  • Low Carbon Accelerators |

  • Moonshots :

  • Moonshots |